ç¬ç«å®£è¨
1776å¹´7æ4æ¥ãè°ä¼ã§ã
ã¢ã¡ãªã«ã®13ç±³å½ã®å ¨ä¼ä¸è´ã®å®£è¨ã
人人ã ããäºãã«ããããæ¥ç¶ãã¦ããæ¿æ²»çãªãã³ããè§£æ£ãããã¨ãããã¦å°çã¸ã®èªç¶ã®ã¨ã®æ³åèªç¶ã®å¥ã®ã¨åãé§ ã®å¤§å½ã¨ä»®å®ããããã«äººéã®ã¤ãã³ãã®ã³ã¼ã¹ã§ããããå¿ è¦ã«ãªãã¨ç¥ã¯ãããã®è³æ ¼ãä¸ããã人é¡ã®æè¦ã¸ã®ã¾ã¨ããªç¹ã¯ãããããåé¢ãã¦ããããé§ãç«ã¦ãåå ã宣è¨ãããã¨ãå¿ è¦ã¨ãã¾ãã
æã ã¯ããããã®ä¸ã§çå½ãèªç±åã³Happiness. -ããã¯ãããã®æ¨©å©ã確ä¿ãããããæ¿åºã®è¿½æ±ã§ãããã¨ããããã¯ç¹å®ã®unalienable権å©ã®ä¸ã§å½¼ãã®åµé ä¸»ã§æµã¾ãã¦ãããã¨ãããã¹ã¦ã®äººéã¯å¹³çã«ä½æããã¦ãããã¨ããèªæã®ããã«ãããã®ççãä¿æãã被統治è ã®åæããèªåã ãã®åãå¼ãåºããç·æ§ã®éã§å¶å®ããã-ãæ¿åºã®ããããå½¢æ ã¯ãããã®ç®çã®ç ´å£çã«ãªããã³ãããã夿´ããããããã廿¢ãããã¨ç ç©¶ææ°æ¿åºã¸ã®å½æ°ã®æ¨©å©ã§ãããæ·è¨ãã®ãããªååã«é¢ããåºç¤ããã³ãããã®ããã«ããã®ãããªå½¢ã§ãã®æ¨©éãçµç¹ãããã®å®å ¨ã¨å¹¸ç¦ãããããå¯è½æ§ãæãé«ãããã«è¦ãããã®ã¨ãã¾ãã ãã«ã¼ãã³ã¹ã¯ã確ãã«ãé·ãé確ç«ãããæ¿åºãå ã¨ä¸æçãªåå ã夿´ãã¦ã¯ãªããªããã¨ã決ãã¦ãããã«å¿ãã¦ãã¹ã¦ã®çµé¨ãshewnãæªã¯èãããããã®éã人é¡ããèªåèªèº«ãã©ã®ã«ãã©ã¼ã ã廿¢ããå³ã«æ¯ã¹ã¦ããè¦ããããã«é ç½®ããã¦ãããããå½¼ãã¯æ £ãã¦ãã¾ãã ãããã常ã«åããªãã¸ã§ã¯ãã追æ±ä¾µå®³ã¨usurpationsã®é·ãåè»ã¯ã絶対çãªå°å¶æ¿æ²»ã®ä¸ã§ãããã使¸ãããããã®è¨è¨ãevincesæãããã¯å½¼ãã®å³ã«ãããããã¯ãã®ãããªæ¿åºããªãã«æãããã¨ãããã¦å½¼ãã®å°æ¥ã®å®å ¨ä¿éã®ããã®æ°ããªã¬ã¼ããæä¾ããããã«ãå½¼ãã®ç¾©åã§ãããã®ãããª.-ã¯ããããã®æ¤æ°å°ã®æ£è ã®è¦æ©ããã¦ãããã¨ãã®ãããªä»ããããã¯æ¿åºã®ãã¤ã¦ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã夿´ããå¶ç´å¿ è¦ã§ãã è±å½ã®ç¾å¨ã®çã®æ´å²ã¯ããã¹ã¦ç´æ¥ãªãã¸ã§ã¯ãã«ãããã®å½ä»¥ä¸ã®çµ¶å¯¾çãªå°å¶æ¿æ²»ã®ç¢ºç«ãæã£ã¦ãç¹°ãè¿ãã®æªæãusurpationsã®æ´å²ã§ãã ããã証æããããã«ãäºå®ãçç´ã«ä¸çã«æåºãããã¨ãã§ãã¾ãã
å½¼ã¯ãæ³å¾ã«å½¼ã®åæãæå¦ãã¦ãæãå¥åº·ã¨å ¬å ±ã®å©çã®ããã«å¿ è¦ã
å½¼ã¯å½¼ã®åæãå¾ãããã¯ãã¾ã§ã®ããã«æä½ã䏿ããªãéããç´æ¥ãã¤å·®ãè¿«ã£ãéè¦æ§ã®æ³å¾ã渡ãããã«å½¼ã®ç¥äºãç¦æ¢ãã¦ããããªã©ã䏿ããã¨ããå½¼ã¯å ¨ããããã«åºå¸ããããã«ç¡è¦ãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯ãããã®äººã ã¯å½¼ãã«ãè°ä¼ã§å³è¨ãç¥ããªãã»ã©ã®è¡¨ç¾ã®æ¨©å©ãæ¾æ£ããå¯ä¸ã®å°å¶åä¸»ã«æããããªããªãéãã人ã ã®å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªå°åºã®å®¿æ³æ½è¨ãä»ã®æ³å¾ã渡ããã¨ãæå¦ãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯æªç½®ã®éµå®ã«ããããç²å´ã®å¯ä¸ã®ç®çã®ããã«ããçããä¸å¿«ãããã³ãããã®å ¬çè¨é²ã®ä¿ç®¡å ´æããé ãå ´æã§ä¸ç·ã«ç«æ³æ©é¢ã«å¼ã³ããã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯äººã ã®æ¨©å©ã«ç·ããã硬ãã§å½¼ã®ä¾µç¥ã«å対ãããããç¹°ãè¿ã代表è°é¢ãè§£æ£ãã¾ããã
å½¼ã¯ä»ã®äººãé¸åºãããããã«ããããã«ããã®ãããªè§£æ£ã®å¾ãé·ãéæå¦ãã¦ãããæ¶æ» ã®ã§ããªãç«æ³æ¨©ã¯ããå½¼ãã®éåã®ããã®å¤§è¦æ¨¡ã§äººã ã«æ»ã£ã¦ãããã¨ã«ãããå¹³åæéã§ãæ®ãã®å·ã¯ãã¹ã¦ã«ãããããå ãªãããã®ä¾µå ¥ã®å±éºæ§ãããã³çæ£ã
å½¼ã¯ãããã®å½ã®äººå£ã鲿¢ã«åªãã¦ãããå¤å½äººã®å¸°åã®ããã®æ³å¾ã妨害ãããã®ç®çã®ããã«ããã®ç§»è¡ã®ãã¡ãå´ã奨å±ããããã«ä»äººã渡ããã¨ãæå¦ããããã¦åå°ã®æ°ããªå¦åã®æ¡ä»¶ãå¼ãä¸ãã
å½¼ã¯ã叿³ã®æ¨©åã確ç«ããããã®æ³å¾ã«å½¼ã®åæãæå¦ãããã¨ã«ãã£ã¦ã叿³ã®ç®¡çã妨害ãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯èªåã®ãªãã£ã¹ã®å¨è·æéãåã³çµ¦æã®é¡ã¨æ¯æãã®ããã«ãå½¼ã®åç¬ã§æå¿ã«ä¾åãã¦è£å¤å®ãè¡ã£ã¦ãã¾ãã
å½¼ã¯æ°ãããªãã£ã¹ã®å¤æ°ã建ã¦ãç§ãã¡ã®äººã ãharrassãããã³ãããã®ç©è³ªãé£ã¹ãããã«å½¹å¡ã®ãã¡ã群ããéä¿¡ãã¾ããã
å½¼ã¯ç§éã®ç«æ³åºã®åæãªãã«è»éãç«ã¡ãå¹³åã®æä»£ã«ãç§ãã¡ã®éã§ç¶æãã¦ãã¾ãã
å½¼ã¯è»ã®ç¬ç«ã¨å¸æ°ãã¯ã¼ã«åªããã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ã«å½±é¿ãä¸ãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯ç§éã®æ²æ³ã¸ã®å¤å½ã®ç®¡è½ã«ç§ãã¡ãå¾ããããä»ã¨çµã¿åããã¦ãããã¦ç§ãã¡ã®æ³å¾ã«ãã£ã¦èªãããã¦ããªããã¦ããããµãç«æ³ã®å½¼ãã®è¡çºã«å½¼ã®åæãä¸ããã
ç§ãã¡ã®éã§æ¦è£ ããè»éã®å¤§ããããã£ãååç¨ï¼
å½¼ãã¯ãããã®å½ã®ä½æ°ã«ã³ãããããå¿ è¦ã®ãããã¹ã¦ã®æ®ºäººã®ããã®ç½°ãããæ¨¡æ¬è£å¤ã§ãããããä¿è·ããããã®ã
ä¸çã®ãã¹ã¦ã®é¨åã§ç§éã®è²¿æã鮿ããããã®ï¼
ç§ãã¡ã®åæãªãã«ç§ãã¡ã«ç¨éã課ãï¼
éªå¯©è£å¤ã®å©ç¹ã®ãå¤ãã®ã±ã¼ã¹ã§ç§ãã¡ã奪ãããã«ï¼
ãµãç¯ç½ªã®ããã«è£ãããããã«æµ·ãè¶ãã¦ç§ãã¡ã輸éããããã®
ããã«ä»»æã®æ¿åºã確ç«ããããªã©ãªã©ãä¾ãä¸åº¦ã«ãããã¬ã³ããªã³ã°ãããããã®ã³ããã¼ã«åã絶対çãªã«ã¼ã«ãå°å ¥ããããã®æ¥½å¨ã«åããã¦ããã®å¢çãæ¡å¤§ããè¿é£ã®çã§è±èªæ³ã®ããªã¼ã®ã·ã¹ãã ã廿¢ããããï¼
ãç§éã®ãã£ã¼ã¿ã¼ã奪ãç§ãã¡ã®æãè²´éãªæ³å¾ã廿¢ããæ ¹æ¬çã«ç§ãã¡ã®æ¿åºã®å½¢ã夿´ããããã®ã
ç§ãã¡èªèº«ã®ç«æ³åºã䏿ãã宣è¨ã®ããã«èªåã¯å ¨ããã¹ã¦ã®ã±ã¼ã¹ã§ç§ãã¡ã®ããã«ç«æ³æ¨©ãæè³ã
å½¼ã¯ä¿è·ããç§ãã¡ã宣è¨ããç§éã«å¯¾ãã¦æ¦äºãæãã§ãããã§æ¿åºãéä½ãã¦ãã¾ãã
å½¼ã¯ãç§ãã¡ã®æµ·ãç¥å¥ªç§éã®æµ·å²¸ãèå»ãç§ãã¡ã®çºãç¼å¤±ããç§ãã¡ã®äººã ã®çæ´»ãç ´å£ãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯ãæ»ãèå»ã¨å°å¶ã®ä½åãã³ã³ããªã¼ãããããã«å¤å½ã®åå µã®å¤§è¦æ¨¡ãªè»éãéã¶ãã®æç¹ã§ææå½å®¶å é¦ã¯ãã§ã«ã»ã¨ãã©ã®æãéè®ãªæä»£ã«ä¸¦åæ¥ç¶ãããªãæ®é ·ï¼èä¿¡è¡çºã®ãããªç¶æ³ããå§ã¾ã£ããã¨å®å ¨ã«å¤ããªãã§ãã
å½¼ã¯ããã®å½ã«å¯¾ãã¦æ¦å¨ãè² æ ããå½¼ãã®å人ã忥è ã®æ»åå·è¡äººã«ãªãããã«ãã¾ãã¯å½¼ãã®æã«ãã£ã¦èªåèªèº«ãè½ä¸ããå ¬æµ·ä¸ã§æè仲éã®å¸æ°ãææãã¦ããã
å½¼ã¯ç§éã®éã§å½å ã®åä¹±ãè奮ãã¦ãããã¨ç§ãã¡ã®å½å¢ã®ä½æ°ã«ããããã«åªãã¦ããããã®æ¢ç¥ã®ã«ã¼ã«æ¦äºã®ç¡æ æ²ãªã¤ã³ãã®éè®ã¯ãããã¹ã¦ã®å¹´é½¢ãæ§å¥ããã³æ¡ä»¶ã®å¹³å¡ãªç ´å£ã§ããã
ãããã®æå§ã®ããããæ®µéã§æã ã¯æãè¬èãªè¨èã§ææ¸ã®ããã«è«é¡ãã¦ããï¼æã ã®ç¹°ãè¿ãè«é¡ã¯ã度éãªãè² å·ã«ãã£ã¦ã®ã¿åçããã¦ããã ãã®æåå¾ã£ã¦å°å¶å主ãå®ç¾©ããå¯è½æ§ããããã¹ã¦ã®è¡çºã«ãã£ã¦ãã¼ã¯ããã¦ããçåã¯ãèªç±ãªäººã ã®æ¯é è ã§ãããã¨ãä¸é©å½ã§ãã
ãæã ã¯è±å½ã®åèã¸ã®æ³¨ç®ã«æ¬²ããã£ã¦ããã ç§éã¯ç§é以ä¸ã®ä¸å½ãªç®¡è½æ¨©ãæ¡å¼µããããã«å½¼ãã®ç«æ³åºã«ãã£ã¦æéããã®è©¦ã¿ã®æã«ããããè¦åãã¦ããã ããã§ã¯ç§ãã¡ã®ç§»ä½ã¨å®ä½ã®ç¶æ³ãããããããæãåºããã¦ããã æã ã¯ãå½¼ãã®ãã¤ãã£ãæ£ç¾©ã¨å¯å¤§ãã«æ§è¨´ãã¦ãããã¨ç§ãã¡ã¯å¿ ç¶çã«ç§ãã¡ã®æ¥ç¶ãéä¿¡ã䏿ããããããã®usurpationsããå¦èªããããã«æã ã®å ±éã®è¦ªæã®çµã³ã¤ãã«ãã£ã¦ãããããå·»ãèµ·ãããã¦ããã å½¼ãã¯ãã¾ãã«ãæ£ç¾©ã¨è¡æé¢ä¿ã®å£°ã«è³ã貸ããªãããã¦ããã æã ã¯ãå¾ã£ã¦ãç§éã®åé¢ãéé£å¿ è¦æ§ãã«åæãããã¨æã ã¯äººé¡ã®æ®ãã®é¨åãä¿æããããã«å¹³åã®å人ã§ãããæ¦äºã§æµããããããä¿æããå¿ è¦ãããã¾ãã
æã ã¯ããããã£ã¦ãä¸è¬çãªè°ä¼ã®ã¢ã¡ãªã«åè¡å½ã®ä»£è¡¨ã¯ã[åå]ã«ãè¡ããç§ãã¡ã®æå³ã®æ½ç½ã®ããã«ä¸çã®æé«ã®è£å¤å®ã«è¨´ããçµã¿ç«ã¦ãããã³ãããã®æ¤æ°å°ã®åè¯ãªäººã ã®å±ããå³ç²ã«å ¬éã¨å®£è¨ãããããã®ç±³å½ã®æ¤æ°å°ããããã¨ãããã³å³èªç±ã¨ç¬ç«å½å®¶ã§ããã¹ãã ããå½¼ãã¯ã¤ã®ãªã¹ã®çå ã¸ã®ãã¹ã¦ã®å¿ èª ãå é¤ããã¦ãããã¨ãããã³ãããã¨è±å½ã®å½å®¶éã®ãã¹ã¦ã®æ¿æ²»çæ¥ç¶ãããã¨ãã§ããèªç±ã¨ç¬ç«å½å®¶ã¨ãã¦ãå½¼ãã¯ãèª²ç¨æ¦äºã«ãã«ãã¯ã¼ãæã£ã¦å¹³åãç· çµãå¥ç´ã®ã¢ã©ã¤ã¢ã³ã¹ã忥ã確ç«ããç¬ç«å½å®¶ã®ãã¡ãå³è¡ããã¨ãã§ããä»ã®ãã¹ã¦ã®è¡çºã¨ã®ãã¨ããããã¨ã¨ãããã¦å®å ¨ã«æº¶è§£ãããã¹ãã§ããã ããã¦ãã®å®£è¨ã®æ¯æ´ã®ããã«ãç¥ã®æçã®ä¿è·ããã£ããã¨ä¾åãã¦ãæã ã¯ãç¸äºã«ç§ãã¡ã®çæ´»ãç§éã®å¹¸éã¨ç§ãã¡ã®ç¥èãªåèªã«èªãã
ç¬ç«ã®ç½²åè ã¨ãã®ç¶æ ã®å®£è¨ã¯ä»¥ä¸ã®éãã§ãã
ã°ã«ã¸ã¢ï¼
- ãã¿ã³ã¦ã¤ã³ããã
- ã©ã¤ãã³ãã¼ã«
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ã¦ã©ã«ãã³
ãã¼ã¹ã«ãã©ã¤ãå·ï¼
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ãã¼ãã¼
- ã¸ã§ã»ããã¥ã¼ãº
- ã¸ã§ã³ãã³
ãµã¦ã¹ã«ãã©ã¤ãå·ï¼
- ã¨ãã¯ã¼ãã©ããªãã¸
- ããã¹ãã¤ã¯ã¼ãã¸ã¥ãã¢
- ãã¼ãã¹ãªã³ããã¸ã¥ãã¢
- ã¢ã¼ãµã¼ããã«ãã³
ã¡ãªã¼ã©ã³ãå·ï¼
- ãµãã¥ã¨ã«ãã§ã¤ã¹
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ãã«
- ãã¼ãã¹ã¹ãã¼ã³
- ãã£ã¼ã«ãºãã£ãã«
ãã¼ã¸ãã¢å·ï¼
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ã¯ã¤ã¹
- ãªãã£ã¼ããã³ãªã¼ãªã¼
- ããã¹ã¸ã§ãã¡ã¼ã½ã³
- ãã³ã¸ã£ãã³ããªã½ã³
- ãã¼ãã¹ãã«ã½ã³ãã¸ã¥ãã¢
- ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã©ã¤ãããããªã¼
- ã«ã¼ã¿ã¼ãã©ã¯ã¹ãã³
ãã³ã·ã«ããã¢å·ï¼
- ããã¼ãã¢ãªã¹
- ãã³ã¸ã£ãã³ã©ãã·ã¥
- ãã³ã¸ã£ãã³ãã©ã³ã¯ãªã³
- ã¸ã§ã³ã¢ã¼ãã³
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ã¯ã©ã¤ãã¼
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã ãºã¹ãã¹
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ãã¤ã©ã¼
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã ãºã¦ã£ã«ã½ã³
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ãã¹
ãã©ã¦ã§ã¢ï¼
- ã·ã¼ã¶ã¼ãããã¼
- ã¸ã§ã¼ã¸ãªã¼ã
- ããã¹ãããã¼
ãã¥ã¼ã¨ã¼ã¯ï¼
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ããã¤ã
- ãã£ãªãããªãã³ã°ã¹ãã³
- ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ã«ã¤ã¹
- ã«ã¤ã¹ã¢ãªã¹
ãã¥ã¼ã¸ã£ã¼ã¸ã¼å·ï¼
- ãªãã£ã¼ãã¹ããã¯ãã³
- ã¸ã§ã³ã¦ã£ã¶ã¼ã¹ãã¼ã³
- ãã©ã³ã·ã¹ãããã³ã½ã³
- ã¸ã§ã³ãã¼ã
- ã¢ãã©ãã ã¯ã©ã¼ã¯
ãã¥ã¼ãã³ãã·ã£ã¼å·ï¼
- ã¸ã§ãµã¤ã¢ãã¼ãã¬ãã
- ãã·ã¥ã¼ã½ã¼ã³ãã³
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ãã¤ããã«
ããµãã¥ã¼ã»ããå·ï¼
- ã¸ã§ã³ãã³ã³ãã¯
- ã¸ã§ã³ã¢ãã ã¹
- ããã¼ãããªã¼ããã¤ã³
- ãµã ã¨ã«ã¢ãã ã¹
- ã¨ã«ããªãã¸ã²ãªã¼
ãã¼ãã¢ã¤ã©ã³ãå·ï¼
- ã¹ãã£ã¼ãã³ãããã³ã¹
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ã¨ã©ãªã¼
ã³ããã«ããï¼
- ãã¸ã£ã¼ã·ã£ã¼ãã³
- ãµãã¥ã¨ã«ãã³ãã³ãã³
- ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ã¦ã£ãªã¢ã ãº
- ãªãªãã¼ã¦ã©ã«ã³ãã
































